That means a typical two-hour charcoal grilling session emits as much carbon dioxide as driving a car for about 26 miles. 7:04. Adina 89 spaces. The Environmental Protection Department (EPD) released today (June 27) the 2020 greenhouse gas (GHG) emission inventory for Hong Kong. 9% lower (or 1. 7 percent lower than 2005 and 20. Victoria beat its first target - to reduce emissions 15-20% below 2005 levels by 2020 – with a cut of almost 30%. Figure 1: Canada GHG emissions trend by region – 1990-2013. The GHG Protocol consists of corporate accounting and reporting standards and separate calculation tools. Photos 137. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Greenhouse Gases stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. The good news is that there are many opportunities to lower our climate impact. ), or speak with. There are a number of others – methane, nitrous oxide, and trace. Within ADB, there are policies and practices where GHG emission estimates are needed. LAUSD To Provide Final Green Space. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to promulgate new GHG standards for heavy-duty highway vehicles starting in model year (MY) 2028 through MY 2032 and to revise certain GHG standards for MY 2027 that were established previously under EPA's Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Fuel Efficiency Standards for Medium- and Heavy-Duty. 123 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3000 +61 3 9657 1234 3302 Reviews. Phone: 415-464-5100 This number will initially be answered by an automated attendant, from which one can opt to access a name directory, listen to recorded information about the park (i. . 5” thick PVC each 20 feet long for the two horizontal lengths. When bringing your car for vehicle emissions testing, your inspection station may require that you idle to keep your engine at operating temperature. In discussions on climate change, we tend to focus on carbon dioxide (CO 2) – the most dominant greenhouse gas produced by the burning of fossil fuels, industrial production, and land use change. According to the federal Environmental Protection Agency GHG emissions inventory, the Transportation Sector is the largest source of U. ES-2 . Liquidated damages provisions are included in many modern private and public construction contracts as a convenient way for owners and contractors to allocate and define their risk in the event of a breach. $15 2 hours. We quantify the impact of HSR on road traffic and its GHG emission implications. Electric vehicles are responsible for fewer greenhouse gas emissions across their entire life cycle than gas-powered vehicles, a new report confirms. S. 8 percent higher than 1990. Manure management accounts for about 11% of the total greenhouse gas emissions from the Agriculture sector in the United States. Key findings from the 1990-2021 U. There. Previous123456Next. This rating reflects vehicle tailpipe emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2), the most prevalent greenhouse gas (GHG). The NIH shall reduce GHG emissions by 50% from. On April 12, 2023, EPA announced new, more ambitious proposed standards to further reduce harmful air pollutant emissions from light-duty and medium-duty vehicles starting with model year 2027. Specifically, it is a measure of how much energy the emissions of 1 ton of a gas will absorb over a given period of time, relative to the emissions of 1 ton of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Radiative forcing (warming influence) of different contributors to climate change through 2019. Singapore’s GHG emissions for 2020 totaled 49,749. 6 and 5. 3 gigatons of CO 2 e. Find images of Global Warming Royalty-free No attribution required High quality images. Add 2 more pieces of 1. 8 tonnes, or equivalent to a small passenger car. UK greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on a residence basis increased by 6% between 2020 and 2021, to over 505 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). In April 2023. This edition includes annual data for 205 countries and 38 regional. The dollar savings and greenhouse gas emissions in these calculations are based on a car using a sample petrol price of $1. This assumes the average gasoline vehicle on the road today has a fuel economy of about 21. Liquidated Damages – The Basics. Every gallon of gas burned produces more than 20 pounds of greenhouse gases. Browse 21,893 greenhouse gas emission photos and images available, or search for carbon to find more great photos and pictures. 2 Results 2. Browse 28,908 authentic greenhouse gas stock photos, high-res images, and pictures, or explore additional greenhouse gas emissions or greenhouse gas emission stock images to find the right photo at the right size and resolution for your project. S. Globally, about 14% of annual greenhouse gas emissions come from the transportation sector, and 72% of those emissions come from road vehicles, according to the World Resources Institute. In the US in 2017, emissions from transportation accounted for 29% of the country’s total emissions, according to Yale Climate Connections. 1 g CO2-eq/kWh. 7 miles per. 6 MtCO2e lower than pre-pandemic levels in 2021 (11% lower than 2019). 7 mi. Making a cost-effective governance of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollution is of great importance for megacities to pursue a sustainable future. 4 min. Absent significant policy changes, annual GHG emissions from transportation will soar by 2050 to 21 billion metric tons. The last day to pre-register to speak at the hearing will be [INSERT DATE 14 DAYS AFTER DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. Katy Lots for Sale. ©Tanya Breen. "In 2019, the buildings and construction sector moved away and not towards the Paris Agreement goal of keeping the global mean temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius," said. The latest GHG data for B. Katy Houses for Sale. The main property of greenhouse gases is to absorb radiant energy. 2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas: It has a GWP that is around 270 times that of carbon dioxide on a 100-year time scale, and it remains in the atmosphere, on average, a little more. These sectors collectively account for 94% of all energy use in manufacturing. prepares annually under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), transportation accounted for the largest portion (29%) of total U. But hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere clean it up. Published by Ian Tiseo , Feb 6, 2023. Photos 137. The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) is issuing this interim guidance to assist agencies in analyzing greenhouse gas (GHG) and climate change effects of their proposed actions under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The primary drivers of NPS GHG emissions are facility energy consumption and fleet operations. Explore. This car park is closed during the times you have selected. Estimate home, car and airplane travel CO2 emissionsGHG 350 spaces. But CO 2 is not the only greenhouse gas that is driving global climate change. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Greenhouse Gas Emission stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. (tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent) It is a typical high-end industrial park known for its good environmental quality and high-end industry concentration. Climate issues in Asia-Pacific are measured in superlatives. ROME, Dec 16 (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Planet-warming carbon dioxide emissions from buildings and construction are jeopardising global goals to keep devastating climate change at bay, a U. By integrating the five measures to decarbonize the energy infrastructure in the 1604 Chinese industrial parks, the cumulative GHG mitigation potential during their remaining lifetime in the. Measuring and reporting emissions empowers organisations to manage and reduce emissions more effectively over time. Individual subregion non-baseload emissions rates are also available on the eGRID Web site. This factsheet looks at what greenhouse gas emissions are, efforts to manage them, how they are measured and how African countries compare with the rest of the world. Previously, the state had enacted the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Act of 2009, setting reduction targets of 25% below 2006 levels by 2020. 4 hours ago · Your Morning LA Report. It explains how to measure greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and set targets to reduce them. 16, 2022, in Fairbanks, Alaska. EP-D-06-118 Work Assignment 4-18 RTI Project Number 0210426. There are a number of others – methane, nitrous oxide, and trace. Using the Carbon Counter, I compared the greenhouse gas emissions per mile of the Hyundai Kona Electric ($37,190 and 201 HP) to the comparable gas-powered Hyundai Kona AWD 1. Thoroughbred Park, 1 Randwick Rd, Lyneham ACT 2602. 04%), nitrous oxide, methane, and ozone are trace gases that account for almost 0. The calculator will determine the direct and indirect emissions from all sources at an organization when activity data are entered into. Heavy Trucks (14,970 kg [33,001 lb. Members commit to sharing knowledge, experience and best practice, working together to develop resources that will helpGreenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation Methodologies for Biogenic Emissions from Selected Source Categories: Solid Waste Disposal. Construction industry participants would be well served to have a firm grasp on the. T&G Building 350 spaces. Photo from Shutterstock (12004621). The inventory includes estimates for carbon dioxide. The food system as a whole – including refrigeration, food processing, packaging, and transport – accounts for around one-quarter of greenhouse gas emissions. Renewable hydrogen and e-gas used in transport must achieve a 70% life-cycle GHG reduction compared to fossil. to destination. Customers only. ” On the other hand, warmer air can hold more water vapor without causing a rainstorm. Methane (CH 4) is a strong greenhouse gas, mainly produced through agricultural activities (e. livestock and rice production), in addition to leakages from oil and gas production (called ‘fugitive emissions’). Cars, trucks, commercial aircraft, and. It is an. , SO 2, CO, NOx, volatile organic compounds (VOC), PM10, and GHG). ; Vehicles that score a 10 are the cleanest; Even though this rating only addresses what comes out of the tailpipe, it is important to note. Upload Join. 75 gallon Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel 9. The largest city in Saudi Arabia, which is the biggest oil producer in the world, is predicted to double greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared with. In 2021, according to one memo sent from NEON to Roehm, NEON used approximately 18 pounds of the gas, which is the equivalent of greenhouse gas emissions from driving an average car over 460,000. 397 Free images of Global Warming. According to the World Resources Institute1 (WRI), emissions reached a global total of almost 50 gigatonnes CO2-equivalents per. g. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 19902018, EPA 430-R-20-002, April 2020. Upload. start_time Browse 796 grasslands national park photos and images available, or search for grasslands national park saskatchewan canada to find more great photos and pictures. Listen: LAUSD green schools and more. Upload. Our future-focused, innovative approaches connect and support communities around the world, building resiliency and sustainability for generations to come. Transport emissions have grown more than any other sector, increasing nearly 60% since 1990 (Australian Government 2017a). Greenhouse gas emissions per capita for the world, Canada and the top 10 emitting countries and regions, 2005 and 2020. We look at this in detail here. Victoria was one of the first jurisdictions in the world to put a net-zero emissions target in law. This first interactive chart here shows per capita emissions of methane each year. electricity generation, industry, agriculture, residential, commercial), due in large part to increased demand for travel. g. Almost 200 of them are regulated by law; some of the most common are mercury, lead, dioxins. Photo credit: mariodo59. Total GHG Emissions (metric tons CO 2 e) [1]. In 2020 New Zealand’s gross greenhouse gas emissions were 78. 1 Canada's greenhouse gas emissions from private motor vehicles, 1990 to 2007. Domestic transport emissions. 5 billion for electric school buses. As these efforts mature, greater attention is being focused on GHG. HEVs are found to reduce life-cycle GHG emissions by only about 20% compared to conventional gasoline cars. Seattle releases an analysis of our climate pollution, called a greenhouse gas inventory, every two years. publishes a provincial greenhouse gas emissions inventory annually. It covers the key sectors of energy, industrial processes, agriculture, land use, land-use change and forestry, and waste. Interactive Double-edged sword. ⁷ Apply by November 30. Last updated on November 8, 2023. Inventory of U. SAFE Vehicles Rule Regulatory Alternatives. to destination. Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions”, which outlines methodology for community-scale GHG emission inventories. Travel Green with Amtrak. Methane (CH 4) is a strong greenhouse gas, mainly produced through agricultural activities (e. Level 4: Coronavirus (COVID-19) Level 4: COVID-19 relief and recovery: Community Support Directory. Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194 EPA Contract No. 4K. EV sales reach almost 15 million in. In 2012, although crop farming and animal husbandry only contributed 7. 36-month lease on available Lucid Air. This first interactive chart here shows per capita emissions of methane each year. The reported emissions exclude biogenic CO 2. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas: It has a GWP that is around 270 times that of carbon dioxide on a 100-year time scale, and it remains in the atmosphere, on average, a little more. The following list of GHG tools and resources may be helpful in estimating GHG emissions. to destination. Standard TufWrap™ chassis wiring harnesses add protection for increased durability. It is therefore important to understand which powertrain and fuelPhoto: Michael Sohn/Associated Press. 85 million owners of charcoal grills in the US decided. Both EPA and NHTSA include the indirect impact of air conditioning operation on GHG emissions. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Car Greenhouse Gas Emissions stock. Current Provincial Inventory. or contact the public hearing team at (888) 372-8699 or by email at . Policy Shift. Transport is Australia’s third largest source of greenhouse gas emissions (96MtCO 2e per year, 17% of total emissions) (Australian Government 2017a). Find parking costs, opening hours and a parking map of GHG 123 Collins Street as well as other car parks, street parking, parking meters and private garages for rent in MelbourneBrowse 27,548 authentic greenhouse gas emissions stock photos, high-res images, and pictures, or explore additional reducing greenhouse gas emissions or greenhouse gas. 3 million tonnes of CO 2-e, 0. We analyze this research in the overall context of life-cycle emissions of electric cars as compared to conventional internal combustion vehicles in Europe. $25 2 hours. 46 124. 2030 - 45% below 1990 levels. Entry is via our Russell Street driveway and our Concierge team will be pleased to assist you. This car park is closed during the times you have selected. 380 La Trobe St 120 spaces. g. 7. 9% or 590 million tons from 2019. Download and use 80,000+ Parking Lot stock photos for free. Special Report on Climate Change and Land, supra note 38, at 270-72; U. Global greenhouse gas emissions are about 50 Gt per year and for 2019 have been estimated at 57 Gt CO 2 eq including 5 Gt due to land use change. On the Green Vehicle Guide you can search for green vehicles and see information on light duty vehicles, including emerging vehicle technology and alternative fuels. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990–2020 (the Inventory), the national inventory that the U. However, this is based on the average renewable energy mix from 27 European countries, including the UK. Cows breeding and CO2 emission. LFG is composed of roughly 50 percent methane (the primary component of natural gas), 50 percent carbon dioxide (CO 2) and a small amount of non-methane organic compounds. It is intended for all sizes of business and for public and voluntary sector organisations. 60 spaces. g. But CO 2 is not the only greenhouse gas that is driving global climate change. Figure 2: Greenhouse gas emissions by sector, 2021 ( DESNZ, 2023) Description of figure 2: this. ”. Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data Explorer. 2022 GHG Emissions Data Under California’s Regulation for the Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (MRR), industrial sources, fuel suppliers, and electricity importers must report their annual GHG emissions to the California Air Resources Board (CARB). Upload. 85 million owners of charcoal grills in the US decided. GHG data displayed are in units of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e) and reflect the global warming potential (GWP) values from Table A-1, which is generally based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)’s Fourth Assessment Report. N. At atmospheric pressure. 4K. “So the cost to society of. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990–2020 (the Inventory), the national inventory that the U. 8% from 2018 despite a 2% increase in vehicle miles. Figure 1 shows the trends. 45 gallon Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 0. is the principle GHG. The report ranks the energy use, energy losses, and energy-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 15 sectors. Since the entire transport sector accounts for 21% of total emissions, and road transport accounts for three-quarters of transport emissions, road transport accounts for 15% of total CO 2 emissions. , CO 2 emissions represent more than 99 percent of the total CO 2-equivalent GHG emissions from all commercial, industrial, and. 2020 Community GHG Emissions Inventory: Seattle . But CO 2 is not the only greenhouse gas that is driving global climate change. g. The Data Explorer is an interactive tool that provides access to data from the EPA's annual Inventory of U. These are. By Gillian Morán Pérez and Sharon McNary. Changes to emissions accounting rules are being considered that could significantly increase carbon footprints for companies claiming to use 100% renewable. This is measured in ‘carbon dioxide. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution through electric mobility The transport sector is the fastest-growing greenhouse gas (GHG) emitting sector, expected to reach a share of more than 30% of total GHG emissions in the future. Of global agricultural GHG emitted from rice fields, about 30 and 11% are represented by CH4 and N2O, respectively. Free Greenhouse Gas Photos. Emissions increased in 2021 by 6 percent (after. $20 2 hours. 10 Table 2. Learn more about our greenhouse gas emissions. VOCs and CO emissions were reduced the most, mainly due to the lower frequency of the vehicle’s cold start. GHG emissions in 2020. S. Carbon dioxide accounts for most of the nation’s emissions and most of the decrease since 1990. So, in the baseline year 2012, a car with a vehicle footprint of 50 sq. The building density is 31. License. pollution/greenhouse-gas-standards-and-guidelines-fossil-fuel-fired-power. S. u. The rapid growth period is from 1990 to 2013, in which process-related. The GHG inventory establishes historical emission trends and demonstrates the state’s progress in achieving its emissions reduction goals, as required by New Jersey’s Global Warming Response Act. Overview of Greenhouse Gas Emissions. To hit those targets, electric cars would need to make up 90 percent of new U. ⁵ Apply by November 30. We find the HSR connection leads to a 20. In the US the average passenger vehicle on the road. Yet transportation still is, and will continue to be, a major contributor to carbon pollution, particularly as the population grows and more goods are shipped. . Visit Fueleconomy. 0%. Greenhouse gas emissions. 7 metric tons of carbon dioxide per year. 2. 75 gallonGHD is a global, multidisciplinary professional services network providing clients with integrated solutions across digital, engineering, environmental, design and construction. Contact Us to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem. . 2 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents, or 5,586. Modi first. prepares annually under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the transportation sector accounted for the largest portion (27%) of total U. Overview Greenhouse Gas Emissions Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are emitted from the tailpipes of cars and trucks that combust fuel. 8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (Mt CO 2 -e). 6K Videos 812 Users 6. C. KUALA LUMPUR (Bernama): Malaysia hopes to reduce the intensity of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission across the economy by 45% based on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2030. Smaller sources of agricultural emissions include CO 2 from liming and urea application, CH 4 from rice cultivation, and burning crop residues, which produces CH 4 and N 2 O. By 2030, those figures for BEVs registered. greenhouse gas pollution in Australian cities. S. Drive: 22 min. From 2010 to 2019, we reduced our greenhouse gas emissions by 20%, which is equivalent to removing roughly 51,251 passenger vehicles from the road. greenhouse gas emissions. As growing climate change impacts are experienced across the globe, the message that greenhouse gas emissions must fall is unambiguous. In addition, in-depth profiles of energy flows are available for U. Book Now. There are a number of others – methane, nitrous oxide, and trace. The 2009 Safeguard Policy Statement requires that GHG emissions from projects emitting 100,000 tons CO 2 eq or more be monitored. 5” thick PVC pipes each 3. This is measured in ‘carbon dioxide. g. Idling causes air pollution. However, this fails to capture emissions from traded goods – the CO 2 emitted in the production of goods elsewhere, which are later imported (or the opposite: emissions from goods that are. sales, and global sales have been increasing rapidly 91, 92. Of the 459 facilities in this sector that reported to the GHGRP, most also reported to the TRI Program. This is measured in ‘carbon dioxide. 125 m 3 of 2% volume condensation gas. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990–2020 (the Inventory), the national inventory that the U. , fossil fuels or certain industrial gases) into the economy that, when combusted, released, or oxidized, result in GHG emissions. It describes the drivers and challenges for governments, companies and investors in dealing with GHG reporting and includes 4 case studies examining in more depth the domestic GHG emission reporting schemes of the UK, France, Japan and Australia. 2023 Subaru SOLTERRA. When countries set targets, measure or compare CO 2 emissions, they tend to focus on production-based emissions – CO 2 emitted within a country’s own borders. The thickness of the atmospheric layer has contracted by 400 metres since the 1980s. GHG Protocol and ISO 14064-1 (see the Quick Guide, section 1. Greenhouse gas emission limits. S. Meanwhile, BCG studies show that the potential overall impact of applying AI to corporate sustainability amounts to $1. parking parking area car park car parking cars car road street concrete park garage highway empty parking lot asphalt traffic city. S. 4%, respectively. Braydon. , fossil fuels or certain industrial gases) into the economy that, when combusted, released, or oxidized, result in GHG emissions. The GHG Protocol classifies GHG emissions into three scopes: Scope 1 (direct emissions), Scope 2 (indirect emissions), and Scope 3 (indirect emissions). The site also addresses. 7. ] or more)Momentum is building. Browse 2,242 car greenhouse gas emissions photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more photos and images. Greenhouse gases emissions pollution with CO2 carbon burning outline concept. Greenhouse Gases stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs. Dioxide smog with chemical and factory industry caused toxic fumes vector illustration. windows. When countries set targets, measure or compare CO 2 emissions, they tend to focus on production-based emissions – CO 2 emitted within a country’s own borders. And if VMT increases at a lower rate, as some experts now project, a 33% reduction could be achieved. 1% of global GHG emissions. S. Burning fossil fuels for electricity is a source of greenhouse gas emissions. A downloadable version of our most recent report is here. Yet the Emissions Gap Report (EGR) 2022: The Closing Window – Climate crisis calls for rapid transformation of societies finds that the international community is falling far short of the Paris goals, with no credible. The major. Experts said the Philippines accounts for less than 1 percent of global GHG emissions so this country is not a major source of these discharges. 15, 2012 EPA publishes a final rule setting greenhouse gas standards for passenger cars, for Model Years (MY) 2017-2025, and NHTSA set fuel economy standards for 2017-2021 and forecast standards for 2022-2025. 1 million tonnes carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO. In 2021, Canada's greenhouse gas emissions were 670 megatonnes (Mt) of carbon dioxide equivalent (Mt CO 2 eq), decreasing by 62 Mt (8. In discussions on climate change, we tend to focus on carbon dioxide (CO 2) – the most dominant greenhouse gas produced by the burning of fossil fuels, industrial production, and land use change. ELECTRIFICATION OF TRANSPORTATION. The study, titled “ The greenhouse gas benefits of corn ethanol—assessing recent evidence ,” also found that when ethanol is produced at natural gas-powered refineries, the GHG emissions are. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks and the Inventory of U. 5 million MTCO 2 e for 2021, an 8% increase since 2012. This GHG inventory follows the national standards set forth by ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability USA as outlined in their “U. 2% to 417. They include databases, tools, standards, guidelines and policy recommendations. Greenhouse Gas Standards: Frequently Asked Questions Updated June 1, 2021 Congressional Research Service. Last updated on October 23, 2023. PHEVs are assumed to drive 60% of their annual mileage on electric drivetrain and 40% on gasoline engine. $49 2. Monthly only. Free Boyfriend Girlfriend Romantic Moments Photos. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Grasslands National Park stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. 3054 44th St SW has 5 parks within 10. The other 29. The emissions do not take place at the suppliers' reporting location. CO 2 accounts for the majority of the GHG emissions from stationary combustion sources. The plan includes the bold and aggressive goal of equitably reaching net-zero community-wide greenhouse gas emissions by 2040 with a strong emphasis on cutting emissions by 2030. Trees and gardens line the area. Together, the emissions cause more than 200,000 premature deaths each year. India’s population is expected to become the world’s largest by 2025, overtaking China and peaking at 1. 0% and 9. Greenhouse Gas stock photos are available. Our projects can also help generate additional benefits for communities and protect natural ecosystems. -based environmental NGO, and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), a Geneva-based coalition of. National averages demonstrate that public trans-portation produces significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions per passenger mile than private ve-hicles (see Figure 2). From the vehicle search results page, click on the “Energy and Environment” tab. The two horizontal widths will need 2 pieces of 1. Power Plant Crosswalk (xlsx) (265. 0 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents after accounting for sequestration from the land sector.